1755 – British General Edward Braddock mortally wounded during Battle of Fort Duquesne during French and Indian War.

1776 – Declaration of Independence is read to George Washington’s troops in New York.

1789 – French Revolution: The National Assembly renames itself the National Constituent Assembly.

1863 – Confederate commander John Hunt Morgan begins his cavalry raid into Indiana by leading 2,100 men across the Ohio river.

1904 – US Open Men’s Golf, Glen View GC: defending champion Willie Anderson of Scotland wins the 3rd of his 4 Open titles, 5 strokes ahead of runner-up Gilbert Nicholls.

1914 – Boston Red Sox purchase future Baseball Hall of Fame slugger Babe Ruth’s contract from minor league Baltimore Orioles.

1955 – Bill Haley & Comets’ “Rock Around the Clock” tops the billboards chart. This was the first official rock and roll song.

1972 – 1st tour by Paul McCartney & Wings in France.

1981 – Nintendo releases arcade game Donkey Kong in Japan (July 31 in the US).

1999 – American Pie is released.